TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of antimicrobials in Chilean Salmon farming
T2 - Facts, myths and perspectives
AU - Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben
AU - Mancilla, Marcos
AU - Miranda, Claudio D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Chile is the second largest producer of salmon (only behind Norway), and high amounts of antimicrobials are used during the marine stage, mainly florfenicol. Intensive antimicrobials use is a relevant concern, prompting the urgent need for use reduction and advancements towards more restricted, efficient application. This review describes the historic and current use of antimicrobials in Chilean salmonid farming. Further covered is the experimental evidence reported to date, thus providing a clearer understanding for the pathogenic nature of Piscirickettsia salmonis—the most important bacterial pathogen and the main target of antimicrobials used in the Chilean industry. This review also assesses research exploring the impacts of antimicrobial treatment on the environment, as well as investigations on the antibiotic susceptibility of salmonid pathogens. This review of the scientific literature contributes to a more unbiased appraisal of the current situation in Chile. Unfortunately, various previous reports dealing with/on the antimicrobial use in the Chilean salmon farming industry have been arrived to insufficiently supported conclusions, thus the present review aims to clarify outdated or poorly substantiated information and assumptions in existing literature. The consequences of antimicrobials in fish farming are covered by this review, which is particularly relevant considering potential impacts on aquatic environments. Focus is given to the selection and spread of drug-resistant bacteria and associated resistance-encoding genes. Finally, herein are provided several recommendations from a One Health perspective for decreasing amounts of used antimicrobials, effectively controlling primary bacterial fish pathogens, developing proper prevention strategies and reducing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
AB - Chile is the second largest producer of salmon (only behind Norway), and high amounts of antimicrobials are used during the marine stage, mainly florfenicol. Intensive antimicrobials use is a relevant concern, prompting the urgent need for use reduction and advancements towards more restricted, efficient application. This review describes the historic and current use of antimicrobials in Chilean salmonid farming. Further covered is the experimental evidence reported to date, thus providing a clearer understanding for the pathogenic nature of Piscirickettsia salmonis—the most important bacterial pathogen and the main target of antimicrobials used in the Chilean industry. This review also assesses research exploring the impacts of antimicrobial treatment on the environment, as well as investigations on the antibiotic susceptibility of salmonid pathogens. This review of the scientific literature contributes to a more unbiased appraisal of the current situation in Chile. Unfortunately, various previous reports dealing with/on the antimicrobial use in the Chilean salmon farming industry have been arrived to insufficiently supported conclusions, thus the present review aims to clarify outdated or poorly substantiated information and assumptions in existing literature. The consequences of antimicrobials in fish farming are covered by this review, which is particularly relevant considering potential impacts on aquatic environments. Focus is given to the selection and spread of drug-resistant bacteria and associated resistance-encoding genes. Finally, herein are provided several recommendations from a One Health perspective for decreasing amounts of used antimicrobials, effectively controlling primary bacterial fish pathogens, developing proper prevention strategies and reducing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
KW - antibiotic
KW - antimicrobial
KW - antimicrobial resistance
KW - ARGs
KW - Chile
KW - one health
KW - Piscirickettsia salmonis
KW - salmon farming
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131011812&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/raq.12702
DO - 10.1111/raq.12702
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85131011812
SN - 1753-5123
VL - 15
SP - 89
EP - 111
JO - Reviews in Aquaculture
JF - Reviews in Aquaculture
IS - 1
ER -