TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of size and chemical composition of silver and gold nanoparticles on in vivo toxicity with potential applications to central nervous system diseases
AU - Báez, Daniela F.
AU - Gallardo-Toledo, Eduardo
AU - Oyarzún, María Paz
AU - Araya, Eyleen
AU - Kogan, Marcelo J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Báez et al.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The physicochemical and optical properties of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have allowed them to be employed for various biomedical applications, including delivery, therapy, imaging, and as theranostic agents. However, since they are foreign body systems, they are usually redistributed and accumulated in some vital organs, which can produce toxic effects; therefore, this a crucial issue that should be considered for potential clinical trials. This review aimed to summarize the reports from the past ten years that have used SNPs and GNPs for in vivo studies on the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and those related to the central nervous system, emphasizing their toxicity as a crucial topic address. The article focuses on the effect of the nanoparticle´s size and chemical composition as relevant parameters for in vivo toxicity. At the beginning of this review, the general toxicity and distribution studies are discussed separately for SNPs and GNPs. Subsequently, this manuscript analyzes the principal applications of both kinds of nanoparticles for glioma, neurodegenerative, and other brain diseases, and discusses the advances in clinical trials. Finally, we analyze research prospects towards clinical applications for both types of metallic nanoparticles.
AB - The physicochemical and optical properties of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have allowed them to be employed for various biomedical applications, including delivery, therapy, imaging, and as theranostic agents. However, since they are foreign body systems, they are usually redistributed and accumulated in some vital organs, which can produce toxic effects; therefore, this a crucial issue that should be considered for potential clinical trials. This review aimed to summarize the reports from the past ten years that have used SNPs and GNPs for in vivo studies on the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and those related to the central nervous system, emphasizing their toxicity as a crucial topic address. The article focuses on the effect of the nanoparticle´s size and chemical composition as relevant parameters for in vivo toxicity. At the beginning of this review, the general toxicity and distribution studies are discussed separately for SNPs and GNPs. Subsequently, this manuscript analyzes the principal applications of both kinds of nanoparticles for glioma, neurodegenerative, and other brain diseases, and discusses the advances in clinical trials. Finally, we analyze research prospects towards clinical applications for both types of metallic nanoparticles.
KW - Brain diseases
KW - Central nervous system
KW - Gold nanoparticles
KW - In vivo applications
KW - Silver nanoparticles
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103121940&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2147/IJN.S260375
DO - 10.2147/IJN.S260375
M3 - Article
C2 - 33758506
AN - SCOPUS:85103121940
SN - 1176-9114
VL - 16
SP - 2187
EP - 2201
JO - International Journal of Nanomedicine
JF - International Journal of Nanomedicine
ER -