Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues

Sebastian Garcia-Vicencio, Vincent Martin, Emeric Chalchat, Luis Penailillo, Virginie Kluka, Anne Véronique Fourot, Emmanuel Coudeyre, Sébastien Ratel

Producción científica: Contribución a los tipos de informe/libroCapítulorevisión exhaustiva

2 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

Young obese are generally stronger than their typically developing counterparts. Strength differences could be partly ascribed to nervous adaptations, due to the loading effect of carrying overweight. We hypothesized that central adaptations of the muscles highly involved in weight bearing, i.e., plantar flexors (PF) and knee extensors (KE) could be greater in girls than boys due to their reduced potential for muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, it is possible that neuromuscular adaptations in weight-bearing muscles will be greater compared to the unloaded muscles such as the adductor pollicis (AP). Twenty-four non-obese and 21 obese (body mass index: 33 ± 4 kg·m−2) adolescent girls and boys (12–15 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the PF and KE muscles. Voluntary activation (VA), assessed with the twitch interpolation technique, the antagonist co-activation (Co-Act) level, and the normalized root-mean-square value (RMS) of the agonist muscles were measured to account for central adaptations. The results revealed a weight status effect (p < 0.001) on the absolute MVC torque and VA of both KE and PF muscles. Moreover, these differences were also related to the sex of the participants (p < 0.05) for the PF muscles. While the VA, absolute, and specific MVC torque were greater in obese compared with non-obese girls, no difference was found between boys. A similar Co-Act level was observed between groups, whatever the sex and muscle group considered. Finally, no significant differences were found for the AP regarding peripheral and neural factors. This study highlighted a favorable effect of obesity on the central mechanisms (i.e., VA) responsible for force production within the lower limb muscles. However, obesity-related central adaptation was only observed in girls for the PF muscles. Thus, the excess of body mass supported by the muscles involved in weight-bearing could act as a chronic training stimulus responsible for these adaptations in obese adolescents but mostly in girls.

Idioma originalInglés
Título de la publicación alojadaAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
EditorialSpringer
Páginas131-142
Número de páginas12
DOI
EstadoPublicada - 2024

Serie de la publicación

NombreAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Volumen1450
ISSN (versión impresa)0065-2598
ISSN (versión digital)2214-8019

Áreas temáticas de ASJC Scopus

  • Bioquímica, Genética y Biología Molecular General

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