TY - JOUR
T1 - Phylogeography and species distribution modelling reveal the effects of the Pleistocene ice ages on an intertidal limpet from the south-eastern Pacific
AU - Pardo-Gandarillas, María Cecilia
AU - Ibáñez, Christian M.
AU - Torres, Felipe I.
AU - Sanhueza, Víctor
AU - Fabres, Alejandra
AU - Escobar-Dodero, Joaquín
AU - Mardones, Fernando O.
AU - Méndez, Marco A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by a FONDECYT grant (3140610 to M.C.P.-G.) and in part by FONDECYT grants 1130266 (C.M.I.) and 1140540 (M.A.M.). This research was approved by the ethics committee of the Universidad de Chile, and the samples were collected with permission of the Subsecretarıa de Pesca y Acuicultura (SUBPESCA, N° 1554). We thank Oscar Galvez and Andrea Martınez (MNHNCL, Santiago, Chile) for their help with specimen loans and for access to the mollusc collection. We are also deeply grateful to Roger Sepul-veda for obtaining samples from the Patagonia region and to Alina Cifuentes, Arturo Navarrete, Camila Gherardi, Danay Varas, Francisca Hernandez and Jose Salazar for the help and support they provided during field and laboratory work. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. J.D. Nuñez for providing the S. lessonii sequences and the corresponding GenBank codes, which are not yet accessible in GenBank, from their publication (Nuñez et al., 2015).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2018/8/1
Y1 - 2018/8/1
N2 - Aim: The distribution and genetic composition of marine populations is the result of climatic and oceanographic factors as well as life history strategies. Studying species with wide distributions and high dispersal potential in sites that were differentially affected during the Pleistocene glaciations provides an opportunity to evaluate the genetic and distributional effect of glaciations on marine populations, such as the limpet Siphonaria lesonii. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the differential effects of glaciations on areas covered and not covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene glaciations. Location: Intertidal zone of the south-eastern Pacific covering approximately 5,000 km of coastline of Peru and Chile. Methods: We performed molecular analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data jointly, as well as environmental niche modelling (ENM) of populations of the limpet Siphonaria lessonii. Using ENM, we modelled the potential distributional range of the species in the present and its distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results: Two lineages were found that were separated by a break at 41° S, corresponding to the biogeographical discontinuity previously reported for this region. Both of these lineages experienced genetic and demographical fluctuations that match the Pleistocene glaciations; however, the variability was more intense in the southern lineage. Phylogeography and ENM yielded complementary results for the southern lineage, which experienced loss of genetic diversity and habitat during the LGM, whereas the northern lineage evidenced loss of genetic diversity without distributional changes. Main conclusions: The phylogeographical and ENM approaches suggest a historical scenario involving demographic and distributional contractions of S. lessonii surviving in glacial refugia in the southern portion of the south-eastern Pacific. This study is the first to include both phylogeographical and ENM analyses of marine species from the Southern Hemisphere.
AB - Aim: The distribution and genetic composition of marine populations is the result of climatic and oceanographic factors as well as life history strategies. Studying species with wide distributions and high dispersal potential in sites that were differentially affected during the Pleistocene glaciations provides an opportunity to evaluate the genetic and distributional effect of glaciations on marine populations, such as the limpet Siphonaria lesonii. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the differential effects of glaciations on areas covered and not covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene glaciations. Location: Intertidal zone of the south-eastern Pacific covering approximately 5,000 km of coastline of Peru and Chile. Methods: We performed molecular analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data jointly, as well as environmental niche modelling (ENM) of populations of the limpet Siphonaria lessonii. Using ENM, we modelled the potential distributional range of the species in the present and its distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results: Two lineages were found that were separated by a break at 41° S, corresponding to the biogeographical discontinuity previously reported for this region. Both of these lineages experienced genetic and demographical fluctuations that match the Pleistocene glaciations; however, the variability was more intense in the southern lineage. Phylogeography and ENM yielded complementary results for the southern lineage, which experienced loss of genetic diversity and habitat during the LGM, whereas the northern lineage evidenced loss of genetic diversity without distributional changes. Main conclusions: The phylogeographical and ENM approaches suggest a historical scenario involving demographic and distributional contractions of S. lessonii surviving in glacial refugia in the southern portion of the south-eastern Pacific. This study is the first to include both phylogeographical and ENM analyses of marine species from the Southern Hemisphere.
KW - biogeographical barrier
KW - connectivity
KW - dispersal
KW - environmental niche modelling
KW - glacial cycles
KW - larval planktotrophic
KW - Last Glacial Maximum
KW - Siphonariidae
KW - south-eastern Pacific
KW - Southern Hemisphere
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050821418&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jbi.13362
DO - 10.1111/jbi.13362
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85050821418
VL - 45
SP - 1751
EP - 1767
JO - Journal of Biogeography
JF - Journal of Biogeography
SN - 0305-0270
IS - 8
ER -