TY - JOUR
T1 - Peptides and proteins used to enhance gold nanoparticle delivery to the brain
T2 - Preclinical approaches
AU - Velasco-Aguirre, Carolina
AU - Morales, Francisco
AU - Gallardo-Toledo, Eduardo
AU - Guerrero, Simon
AU - Giralt, Ernest
AU - Araya, Eyleen
AU - Kogan, Marcelo J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by FONDECYT grants number 11130494 and 1130425, FONDAP grant number 15130011, UNAB DI569-14/R and MECESUP UCH-0811.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Velasco-Aguirre et al.
PY - 2015/8/10
Y1 - 2015/8/10
N2 - An exciting and emerging field in nanomedicine involves the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the preclinical development of new strategies for the treatment and diagnosis of brain-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and cerebral tumors. The treatment of many brain-related disorders with AuNPs, which possess useful physical properties, is limited by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB highly regulates the substances that can permeate into the brain. Peptides and proteins may represent promising tools to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we summarize the potential applications of AuNPs to CNS disorders, discuss different strategies based on the use of peptides or proteins to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the brain, and examine the intranasal administration route, which bypasses the BBB. We also analyze the potential neurotoxicity of AuNPs and the perspectives and new challenges concerning the use of peptides and proteins to enhance the delivery of AuNPs to the brain. The majority of the work described in this review is in a preclinical stage of experimentation, or in select cases, in clinical trials in humans. We note that the use of AuNPs still requires substantial study before being translated into human applications. However, for further clinical research, the issues related to the potential use of AuNPs must be analyzed.
AB - An exciting and emerging field in nanomedicine involves the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the preclinical development of new strategies for the treatment and diagnosis of brain-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and cerebral tumors. The treatment of many brain-related disorders with AuNPs, which possess useful physical properties, is limited by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB highly regulates the substances that can permeate into the brain. Peptides and proteins may represent promising tools to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we summarize the potential applications of AuNPs to CNS disorders, discuss different strategies based on the use of peptides or proteins to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the brain, and examine the intranasal administration route, which bypasses the BBB. We also analyze the potential neurotoxicity of AuNPs and the perspectives and new challenges concerning the use of peptides and proteins to enhance the delivery of AuNPs to the brain. The majority of the work described in this review is in a preclinical stage of experimentation, or in select cases, in clinical trials in humans. We note that the use of AuNPs still requires substantial study before being translated into human applications. However, for further clinical research, the issues related to the potential use of AuNPs must be analyzed.
KW - Biodistribution
KW - Blood–brain barrier
KW - Central nervous system
KW - Drug delivery
KW - EPR effect
KW - Transcytosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84981717459&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2147/IJN.S82310
DO - 10.2147/IJN.S82310
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26300639
AN - SCOPUS:84981717459
SN - 1176-9114
VL - 10
SP - 4919
EP - 4936
JO - International Journal of Nanomedicine
JF - International Journal of Nanomedicine
ER -