TY - JOUR
T1 - Legacy and novel flame retardants from indoor dust in Antarctica
T2 - Sources and human exposure
AU - Corsolini, Simonetta
AU - Metzdorff, América
AU - Baroni, Davide
AU - Roscales, Jose L.
AU - Jiménez, Begoña
AU - Cerro-Gálvez, Elena
AU - Dachs, Jordi
AU - Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal
AU - Audy, Ondřej
AU - Kohoutek, Jiří
AU - Přibylova, Petra
AU - Poblete-Morales, Matias
AU - Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben
AU - Bergami, Elisa
AU - Pozo, Karla
N1 - Funding Information:
Project CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE Teaming 2 supported by Horizon2020 ( 857560 ) Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports no. 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0015975 .
Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by Project SENTINEL-CTM2015-70535-P (JD and BJ), Projects ANID- FONDECYT 1130329 (KP) and 1161673 (KP), 11150548 (CGM), ANID-FONDAP 15110027 (RA-H), ANID-PIA-INACh-ACT192057 (CGM), INACH RT_12_17 (CGM), and INACH RT_08_13 (RA-H), PNRA 2013/C1.04 (SC). We thank the Project PLANET (PNRA 14_0009) in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey- Ecosystems Team for the collection of samples on board the RRS James Clarke Ross (EB). This research was also supported by the RECETOX Research Infrastructure (Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports: LM2018121), RECETOX RI (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001761), and CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE Teaming 2 project supported by Horizon2020 ( 857560 ) and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0015975).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - The air humidity in Antarctica is very low and this peculiar weather parameter make the use of flame retardants in research facilities highly needed for safety reasons, as fires are a major risk. Legacy and novel flame retardants (nFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and other nFRs were measured in indoor dust samples collected at research Stations in Antarctica: Gabriel de Castilla, Spain (GCS), Julio Escudero, Chile (JES), and onboard the RRS James Clark Ross, United Kingdom (RRS JCR). The GC-HRMS and LC-MS-MS analyses of dust samples revealed ∑7PBDEs of 41.5 ± 43.8 ng/g in rooms at GCS, 18.7 ± 11.6 ng/g at JES, and 27.2 ± 37.9 ng/g onboard the RRS JCR. PBDE pattern was different between the sites and most abundant congeners were BDE-183 (40%) at GCS, BDE-99 (50%) at JES, and BDE-153 (37%) onboard the RRS JCR. The ∑(4)HBCDs were 257 ± 407 ng/g, 14.9 ± 14.5 ng/g, and 761 ± 1043 ng/g in indoor dust collected in rooms at GCS, JES, and RRS JCR, respectively. The ∑9nFRs were 224 ± 178 ng/g at GCS, 14.1 ± 13.8 ng/g at JES, and 194 ± 392 ng/g on the RRS JCR. Syn- and anti-DP were detected in most of the samples and both isomers showed the highest concentrations at GCS: 163 ± 93.6 and 48.5 ± 61.1 ng/g, respectively. The laboratory and living room showed the highest concentration of HBCDs, DPs, BTBPE. The wide variations in FR levels in dust from the three research facilities and between differently used rooms reflect the different origin of furnishing, building materials and equipment. The potential health risk associated to a daily exposure via dust ingestion was assessed for selected FRs: BDEs 47, 99, and 153, α-, β-, and γ-HBCD, BTBPE, syn- and anti-DP. Although the estimated exposures are below the available reference doses, caution is needed given the expected increasing use of novel chemicals without a comprehensive toxicological profile.
AB - The air humidity in Antarctica is very low and this peculiar weather parameter make the use of flame retardants in research facilities highly needed for safety reasons, as fires are a major risk. Legacy and novel flame retardants (nFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and other nFRs were measured in indoor dust samples collected at research Stations in Antarctica: Gabriel de Castilla, Spain (GCS), Julio Escudero, Chile (JES), and onboard the RRS James Clark Ross, United Kingdom (RRS JCR). The GC-HRMS and LC-MS-MS analyses of dust samples revealed ∑7PBDEs of 41.5 ± 43.8 ng/g in rooms at GCS, 18.7 ± 11.6 ng/g at JES, and 27.2 ± 37.9 ng/g onboard the RRS JCR. PBDE pattern was different between the sites and most abundant congeners were BDE-183 (40%) at GCS, BDE-99 (50%) at JES, and BDE-153 (37%) onboard the RRS JCR. The ∑(4)HBCDs were 257 ± 407 ng/g, 14.9 ± 14.5 ng/g, and 761 ± 1043 ng/g in indoor dust collected in rooms at GCS, JES, and RRS JCR, respectively. The ∑9nFRs were 224 ± 178 ng/g at GCS, 14.1 ± 13.8 ng/g at JES, and 194 ± 392 ng/g on the RRS JCR. Syn- and anti-DP were detected in most of the samples and both isomers showed the highest concentrations at GCS: 163 ± 93.6 and 48.5 ± 61.1 ng/g, respectively. The laboratory and living room showed the highest concentration of HBCDs, DPs, BTBPE. The wide variations in FR levels in dust from the three research facilities and between differently used rooms reflect the different origin of furnishing, building materials and equipment. The potential health risk associated to a daily exposure via dust ingestion was assessed for selected FRs: BDEs 47, 99, and 153, α-, β-, and γ-HBCD, BTBPE, syn- and anti-DP. Although the estimated exposures are below the available reference doses, caution is needed given the expected increasing use of novel chemicals without a comprehensive toxicological profile.
KW - Antarctic research facilities
KW - DPs
KW - Dust
KW - HBCDs
KW - Novel FRs
KW - PBDEs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85093968428&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344
M3 - Article
C2 - 33068585
AN - SCOPUS:85093968428
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 196
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 110344
ER -
