Influence of Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity patterns, and weight status on cardiovascular response to cardiorespiratory fitness test in Chilean school children

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity (PA) patterns (i.e., screen time and PA after school), and weight status with the cardiovascular response following a cardiorespiratory fitness test. Methods: Participants were 605 school children: 272 girls (11.79 ± 0.93 y old) and 333 boys (12.06 ± 1.03 y old). Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), food habits, and PA patterns were evaluated. Heart rate (HR), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were assessed before and immediately after the 20-m shuttle run test and the changes induced were calculated (Δ = post/pretest). Results: The cardiovascular response was higher in obese than normal weight and overweight children in terms of HR (P = 0.007) and SBP (P < 0.001). The ΔSBP presented inverse association with WC (β = –0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.17 to –0.01; P = 0.026), food habits (β = –0.65; 95% CI, –0.81 to –0.49; P < 0.001), PA after school (β = –7.03; 95% CI, –7.84 to –6.22; P < 0.001) and PA patterns (β = –5.96; 95% CI, –6.40 to –5.52, P < 0.001). ΔDBP was not associated with food habits or PA patterns (P > 0.005). Finally, ΔHR reported inverse association with PA patterns (β = –1.67; 95% CI, –3.18 to –0.17; P = 0.029). Conclusion: School children with obesity showed a higher cardiovascular response in HR and SBP than normal weight and overweight peers. Moreover, the increment of the SBP presented inverse association with food habits and PA patterns.