TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro phenotypic evidence for the utilization of iron from different sources and siderophores production in the fish pathogen Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi
AU - Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben
AU - Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica
AU - Echeverría-Bugueño, Macarena
AU - Irgang, Rute
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - Iron uptake during infection is an essential pathogenicity factor of several bacteria, including Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi, an emerging pathogen for salmonid and red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis) farms in Chile. Iron-related protein families were recently found in eight T. dicentrarchi genomes, but biological studies have not yet confirmed functions. The investigation reported herein clearly demonstrated for the first time that T. dicentrarchi possesses different systems for iron acquisition—one involving the synthesis of siderophores and another allowing for the utilization of heme groups. Using 38 isolates of T. dicentrarchi and the type strain CECT 7612T, all strains grew in the presence of the chelating agent 2.2′-dipyridyl (from 50 to 150 μM) and produced siderophores on chrome azurol S plates. Furthermore, 37 of the 38 T. dicentrarchi isolates used at least four of the five iron sources (i.e. ammonium iron citrate, ferrous sulfate, iron chloride hexahydrate, haemoglobin and/or hemin) when added to iron-deficient media, although the cell yield was less when using hemin. Twelve isolates grew in the presence of hemin, and 10 of them used only 100 μM. Under iron-supplemented or iron-restricted conditions, whole cells of three isolates and the type strain showed at least one membrane protein induced in iron-limiting conditions (c.a. 37.9 kDa), regardless of the isolation host. All phenotypic results were confirmed by in-silico genomic T. dicentrarchi analysis. Future studies will aim to establish a relationship between iron uptake ability and virulence in T. dicentrarchi through in vivo assays.
AB - Iron uptake during infection is an essential pathogenicity factor of several bacteria, including Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi, an emerging pathogen for salmonid and red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis) farms in Chile. Iron-related protein families were recently found in eight T. dicentrarchi genomes, but biological studies have not yet confirmed functions. The investigation reported herein clearly demonstrated for the first time that T. dicentrarchi possesses different systems for iron acquisition—one involving the synthesis of siderophores and another allowing for the utilization of heme groups. Using 38 isolates of T. dicentrarchi and the type strain CECT 7612T, all strains grew in the presence of the chelating agent 2.2′-dipyridyl (from 50 to 150 μM) and produced siderophores on chrome azurol S plates. Furthermore, 37 of the 38 T. dicentrarchi isolates used at least four of the five iron sources (i.e. ammonium iron citrate, ferrous sulfate, iron chloride hexahydrate, haemoglobin and/or hemin) when added to iron-deficient media, although the cell yield was less when using hemin. Twelve isolates grew in the presence of hemin, and 10 of them used only 100 μM. Under iron-supplemented or iron-restricted conditions, whole cells of three isolates and the type strain showed at least one membrane protein induced in iron-limiting conditions (c.a. 37.9 kDa), regardless of the isolation host. All phenotypic results were confirmed by in-silico genomic T. dicentrarchi analysis. Future studies will aim to establish a relationship between iron uptake ability and virulence in T. dicentrarchi through in vivo assays.
KW - iron sources
KW - siderophores
KW - Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi
KW - virulence mechanism
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163084999&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jfd.13820
DO - 10.1111/jfd.13820
M3 - Article
C2 - 37309564
AN - SCOPUS:85163084999
SN - 0140-7775
VL - 46
SP - 1001
EP - 1012
JO - Journal of Fish Diseases
JF - Journal of Fish Diseases
IS - 9
ER -