Gαq negatively regulates the Wnt-β-catenin pathway and dorsal embryonic Xenopus laevis development

The non-canonical Wnt/Ca²⁺ signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of axis formation and gastrulation movements during early Xenopus laevis embryo development, by antagonizing the canonical Wnt/β-catenin dorsalizing pathway and specifying ventral cell fate. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this antagonist crosstalk are not known. Since Gαq is the main regulator of Ca²⁺ signaling in vertebrates and from this perspective probably involved in the events elicited by the non-canonical Wnt/Ca²⁺ pathway, we decided to study the effect of wild-type Xenopus Gq (xGαq) in dorso-ventral axis embryo patterning. Overexpression of xGαq or its endogenous activation at the dorsal animal region of Xenopus embryo both induced a strong ventralized phenotype and inhibited the expression of dorsal-specific mesoderm markers goosecoid and chordin. Dorsal expression of an xGαq dominant-negative mutant reverted the xGαq-induced ventralized phenotype. Finally, we observed that the Wnt8-induced secondary axis formation is reverted by endogenous xGαq activation, indicating that it is negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.