TY - JOUR
T1 - Biochemical characterization of Peumus boldus fruits
T2 - Insights of its antioxidant properties through a theoretical approach
AU - Otero, Carolina
AU - Miranda-Rojas, Sebastián
AU - Llancalahuén, Felipe M.
AU - Fuentes, Juan A.
AU - Atala, Cristian
AU - González-Silva, Gloria
AU - Verdugo, Diego
AU - Sierra-Rosales, Paulina
AU - Moreno, Adrián
AU - Gordillo-Fuenzalida, Felipe
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/2/15
Y1 - 2022/2/15
N2 - Peumus boldus is an endemic tree species from Chile whose leaves have been the focus of study for decades given that their infusions are reported to relieve rheumatic symptoms, headache, dyspepsia, urinary tract inflammation, and symptoms of other illnesses. These health properties have been studied mainly using leaves and bark, then it is relevant to know more about these properties in different parts of the plant. Considering the importance of P. boldus fruits in the diet of some rural populations, we analyzed their properties to explore its impact on the Chilean population health. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids such as boldine, although aporphine N-methyl-laurotetanine was the most abundant. In addition, flavonoids catechin, chrysin and quercetin were also found in the extract. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit extract were invitro tested by using a murine macrophage cell model, observing that a diluted fraction of the extract was not cytotoxic, but showed anti-inflammatory activity, which is likely attributed to antioxidants activities. By means of quantum chemical calculations, we calculated the redox potential of the respective alkaloids and flavonoids found in the extract. Results suggest a synergistic effect between alkaloids and flavonoids, where boldine and N-methyl-laurotetanine showed similar antioxidant properties. Finally, we present a description of the oxidation mechanisms for both groups of molecules which will sustain P. boldus fruit biological properties, in order to give this kind of fruits scientific value focusing on human health.
AB - Peumus boldus is an endemic tree species from Chile whose leaves have been the focus of study for decades given that their infusions are reported to relieve rheumatic symptoms, headache, dyspepsia, urinary tract inflammation, and symptoms of other illnesses. These health properties have been studied mainly using leaves and bark, then it is relevant to know more about these properties in different parts of the plant. Considering the importance of P. boldus fruits in the diet of some rural populations, we analyzed their properties to explore its impact on the Chilean population health. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids such as boldine, although aporphine N-methyl-laurotetanine was the most abundant. In addition, flavonoids catechin, chrysin and quercetin were also found in the extract. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit extract were invitro tested by using a murine macrophage cell model, observing that a diluted fraction of the extract was not cytotoxic, but showed anti-inflammatory activity, which is likely attributed to antioxidants activities. By means of quantum chemical calculations, we calculated the redox potential of the respective alkaloids and flavonoids found in the extract. Results suggest a synergistic effect between alkaloids and flavonoids, where boldine and N-methyl-laurotetanine showed similar antioxidant properties. Finally, we present a description of the oxidation mechanisms for both groups of molecules which will sustain P. boldus fruit biological properties, in order to give this kind of fruits scientific value focusing on human health.
KW - Alkaloids
KW - Density functional theory
KW - Flavonoids
KW - Phenolic compounds
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114288010&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131012
DO - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131012
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85114288010
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 370
JO - Food Chemistry
JF - Food Chemistry
M1 - 131012
ER -