Argumentación en la enseñanza de circuitos eléctricos aplicando aprendizaje activo

Learning electric circuits is a fundamental aspect of engineering training and students have difficulty understanding these basic concepts. For this, physics education research has developed strategies that promote argumentation and conceptual understanding. This research explores students' argumentation dynamics when learning electric circuits in an electricity and magnetism introductory course for engineering implemented in a student-centered learning environment, where Peer Instruction and Cognitive Scaffolding Activities occur. The research uses a naturalistic observation. The results show that students have difficulties and previous conceptions that, through argumentation, they modify to reach a correct conclusion. One of the main differences is that, during peer instruction, the discussion dynamics occur in groups with a larger number of students. In contrast, in cognitive scaffolding activities, the discussion dynamics occur in small teams. This research's main finding is that implementing strategies that promote argumentation causes students to achieve a deep conceptual understanding of electric circuits and develop their ability to analyze circuits rather than apply memorized rules. The conclusion is that, with these strategies, argumentation happens at four levels, in the student's mind, in small teams, in the learning community, and with the whole group.