TY - JOUR
T1 - Addressing viral and bacterial threats to salmon farming in Chile
T2 - historical contexts and perspectives for management and control
AU - Figueroa, Jaime
AU - Cárcamo, Juan
AU - Yañez, Alejandro
AU - Olavarria, Victor
AU - Ruiz, Pamela
AU - Manríquez, René
AU - Muñoz, Claudio
AU - Romero, Alex
AU - Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica [CONICYT], Chile) through the Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR) Fund for Research Centers in Prioritary Areas (Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investiga-ción en Áreas Prioritarias [FONDAP], Grant No. 15110027). R.A.-H. acknowledges partial financial support from CONI-CYT (Grant No. FONDECYT 1150695). A.Y., RA-H and J.F. acknowledge partial financial support from Proyecto FIE-2015-V014 Grant N° 122929. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support given to this work through grants FONDECYT 1150695, FIE (Fondo Inversion Estrategica) 122929, and FONDAP 15110027, awarded to the Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR).
PY - 2019/5/1
Y1 - 2019/5/1
N2 - The rapid growth of the salmon farming industry in Chile has led to the appearance of various viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal pathogens affecting farmed fish. The Chilean salmon industry has suffered several health crises associated with high fish mortalities, such as caused by the infectious salmon anaemia virus (2007) and harmful algal blooms (2016). In addition to these events, marine farms are continuously affected by outbreaks of harmful pathogens, including the bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis and, most recently, a reappearance of Renibacterium salmoninarum, and the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. These outbreaks have led to stricter regulations, but the salmon farming industry continues to struggle despite reforms. In addition to the aforementioned pathogens, which are a continuous threat, other apparently under control pathogens have also reappeared in recent years. In this review, we analyse the current state of knowledge on four of the main pathogens affecting salmon farming in Chile. The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is relevant as it affects freshwater-stage fish, with survivors then acting as carriers. The infectious salmon anaemia virus currently appears to be under control; however, P. salmonis and R. salmoninarum continue to be the cause for high mortalities in the Chilean aquaculture industry.
AB - The rapid growth of the salmon farming industry in Chile has led to the appearance of various viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal pathogens affecting farmed fish. The Chilean salmon industry has suffered several health crises associated with high fish mortalities, such as caused by the infectious salmon anaemia virus (2007) and harmful algal blooms (2016). In addition to these events, marine farms are continuously affected by outbreaks of harmful pathogens, including the bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis and, most recently, a reappearance of Renibacterium salmoninarum, and the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. These outbreaks have led to stricter regulations, but the salmon farming industry continues to struggle despite reforms. In addition to the aforementioned pathogens, which are a continuous threat, other apparently under control pathogens have also reappeared in recent years. In this review, we analyse the current state of knowledge on four of the main pathogens affecting salmon farming in Chile. The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is relevant as it affects freshwater-stage fish, with survivors then acting as carriers. The infectious salmon anaemia virus currently appears to be under control; however, P. salmonis and R. salmoninarum continue to be the cause for high mortalities in the Chilean aquaculture industry.
KW - management
KW - salmon farming Chile
KW - virus and bacteria
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064486109&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/raq.12333
DO - 10.1111/raq.12333
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85064486109
VL - 11
SP - 299
EP - 324
JO - Reviews in Aquaculture
JF - Reviews in Aquaculture
SN - 1753-5123
IS - 2
ER -