A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270

Maximilian N. Günther; Francisco J. Pozuelos; Jason A. Dittmann; Diana Dragomir; Stephen R. Kane; Tansu Daylan; Adina D. Feinstein; Chelsea X. Huang; Timothy D. Morton; Andrea Bonfanti; L. G. Bouma; Jennifer Burt; Karen A. Collins; Jack J. Lissauer; Elisabeth Matthews; Benjamin T. Montet; Andrew Vanderburg; Songhu Wang; Jennifer G. Winters; George R. Ricker; Roland K. Vanderspek; David W. Latham; Sara Seager; Joshua N. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; James D. Armstrong; Khalid Barkaoui; Natalie Batalha; Jacob L. Bean; Douglas A. Caldwell; David R. Ciardi; Kevin I. Collins; Ian Crossfield; Michael Fausnaugh; Gabor Furesz; Tianjun Gan; Michaël Gillon; Natalia Guerrero; Keith Horne; Steve B. Howell; Michael Ireland; Giovanni Isopi; Emmanuël Jehin; John F. Kielkopf; Sebastien Lepine; Franco Mallia; Rachel A. Matson; Gordon Myers; Enric Palle; Samuel N. Quinn; Howard M. Relles; Bárbara Rojas-Ayala; Joshua Schlieder; Ramotholo Sefako; Avi Shporer; Juan C. Suárez; Thiam Guan Tan; Eric B. Ting; Joseph D. Twicken; Ian A. Waite

doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5

A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270

Maximilian N. Günther, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Jason A. Dittmann, Diana Dragomir, Stephen R. Kane, Tansu Daylan, Adina D. Feinstein, Chelsea X. Huang, Timothy D. Morton, Andrea Bonfanti, L. G. Bouma, Jennifer Burt, Karen A. Collins, Jack J. Lissauer, Elisabeth Matthews, Benjamin T. Montet, Andrew Vanderburg, Songhu Wang, Jennifer G. Winters, George R. RickerRoland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, James D. Armstrong, Khalid Barkaoui, Natalie Batalha, Jacob L. Bean, Douglas A. Caldwell, David R. Ciardi, Kevin I. Collins, Ian Crossfield, Michael Fausnaugh, Gabor Furesz, Tianjun Gan, Michaël Gillon, Natalia Guerrero, Keith Horne, Steve B. Howell, Michael Ireland, Giovanni Isopi, Emmanuël Jehin, John F. Kielkopf, Sebastien Lepine, Franco Mallia, Rachel A. Matson, Gordon Myers, Enric Palle, Samuel N. Quinn, Howard M. Relles, Bárbara Rojas-Ayala, Joshua Schlieder, Ramotholo Sefako, Avi Shporer, Juan C. Suárez, Thiam Guan Tan, Eric B. Ting, Joseph D. Twicken, Ian A. Waite

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Abstract

One of the primary goals of exoplanetary science is to detect small, temperate planets passing (transiting) in front of bright and quiet host stars. This enables the characterization of planetary sizes, orbits, bulk compositions, atmospheres and formation histories. These studies are facilitated by small and cool M dwarf host stars. Here we report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)¹ discovery of three small planets transiting one of the nearest and brightest M dwarf hosts observed to date, TOI-270 (TIC 259377017, with K-magnitude 8.3, and 22.5 parsecs away from Earth). The M3V-type star is transited by the super-Earth-sized planet TOI-270 b (1.247−0.083+0.089R_⊕) and the sub-Neptune-sized planets TOI-270 c (2.42 ± 0.13 R_⊕) and TOI-270 d (2.13 ± 0.12 R_⊕). The planets orbit close to a mean-motion resonant chain, with periods (3.36 days, 5.66 days and 11.38 days, respectively) near ratios of small integers (5:3 and 2:1). TOI-270 is a prime target for future studies because (1) its near-resonance allows the detection of transit timing variations, enabling precise mass measurements and dynamical studies; (2) its brightness enables independent radial-velocity mass measurements; (3) the outer planets are ideal for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy; and (4) the quietness of the star enables future searches for habitable zone planets. Altogether, very few systems with small, temperate exoplanets are as suitable for such complementary and detailed characterization as TOI-270.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1099-1108
Number of pages	10
Journal	Nature Astronomy
Volume	3
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2019

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Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Günther, M. N., Pozuelos, F. J., Dittmann, J. A., Dragomir, D., Kane, S. R., Daylan, T., Feinstein, A. D., Huang, C. X., Morton, T. D., Bonfanti, A., Bouma, L. G., Burt, J., Collins, K. A., Lissauer, J. J., Matthews, E., Montet, B. T., Vanderburg, A., Wang, S., Winters, J. G., ... Waite, I. A. (2019). A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270. Nature Astronomy, 3(12), 1099-1108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5

@article{a3e2792248fd41e694bb0c1521f9d1b8,

title = "A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270",

abstract = "One of the primary goals of exoplanetary science is to detect small, temperate planets passing (transiting) in front of bright and quiet host stars. This enables the characterization of planetary sizes, orbits, bulk compositions, atmospheres and formation histories. These studies are facilitated by small and cool M dwarf host stars. Here we report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)1 discovery of three small planets transiting one of the nearest and brightest M dwarf hosts observed to date, TOI-270 (TIC 259377017, with K-magnitude 8.3, and 22.5 parsecs away from Earth). The M3V-type star is transited by the super-Earth-sized planet TOI-270 b (1.247−0.083+0.089R⊕) and the sub-Neptune-sized planets TOI-270 c (2.42 ± 0.13 R⊕) and TOI-270 d (2.13 ± 0.12 R⊕). The planets orbit close to a mean-motion resonant chain, with periods (3.36 days, 5.66 days and 11.38 days, respectively) near ratios of small integers (5:3 and 2:1). TOI-270 is a prime target for future studies because (1) its near-resonance allows the detection of transit timing variations, enabling precise mass measurements and dynamical studies; (2) its brightness enables independent radial-velocity mass measurements; (3) the outer planets are ideal for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy; and (4) the quietness of the star enables future searches for habitable zone planets. Altogether, very few systems with small, temperate exoplanets are as suitable for such complementary and detailed characterization as TOI-270.",

author = "G{\"u}nther, {Maximilian N.} and Pozuelos, {Francisco J.} and Dittmann, {Jason A.} and Diana Dragomir and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Tansu Daylan and Feinstein, {Adina D.} and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Morton, {Timothy D.} and Andrea Bonfanti and Bouma, {L. G.} and Jennifer Burt and Collins, {Karen A.} and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Elisabeth Matthews and Montet, {Benjamin T.} and Andrew Vanderburg and Songhu Wang and Winters, {Jennifer G.} and Ricker, {George R.} and Vanderspek, {Roland K.} and Latham, {David W.} and Sara Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Armstrong, {James D.} and Khalid Barkaoui and Natalie Batalha and Bean, {Jacob L.} and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Ian Crossfield and Michael Fausnaugh and Gabor Furesz and Tianjun Gan and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Natalia Guerrero and Keith Horne and Howell, {Steve B.} and Michael Ireland and Giovanni Isopi and Emmanu{\"e}l Jehin and Kielkopf, {John F.} and Sebastien Lepine and Franco Mallia and Matson, {Rachel A.} and Gordon Myers and Enric Palle and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Relles, {Howard M.} and B{\'a}rbara Rojas-Ayala and Joshua Schlieder and Ramotholo Sefako and Avi Shporer and Su{\'a}rez, {Juan C.} and Tan, {Thiam Guan} and Ting, {Eric B.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Waite, {Ian A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2019",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5",

language = "English",

volume = "3",

pages = "1099--1108",

journal = "Nature Astronomy",

issn = "2397-3366",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "12",

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Günther, MN, Pozuelos, FJ, Dittmann, JA, Dragomir, D, Kane, SR, Daylan, T, Feinstein, AD, Huang, CX, Morton, TD, Bonfanti, A, Bouma, LG, Burt, J, Collins, KA, Lissauer, JJ, Matthews, E, Montet, BT, Vanderburg, A, Wang, S, Winters, JG, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, RK, Latham, DW, Seager, S, Winn, JN, Jenkins, JM, Armstrong, JD, Barkaoui, K, Batalha, N, Bean, JL, Caldwell, DA, Ciardi, DR, Collins, KI, Crossfield, I, Fausnaugh, M, Furesz, G, Gan, T, Gillon, M, Guerrero, N, Horne, K, Howell, SB, Ireland, M, Isopi, G, Jehin, E, Kielkopf, JF, Lepine, S, Mallia, F, Matson, RA, Myers, G, Palle, E, Quinn, SN, Relles, HM, Rojas-Ayala, B, Schlieder, J, Sefako, R, Shporer, A, Suárez, JC, Tan, TG, Ting, EB, Twicken, JD & Waite, IA 2019, 'A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270', Nature Astronomy, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 1099-1108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Pozuelos, Francisco J.

AU - Dittmann, Jason A.

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Feinstein, Adina D.

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Morton, Timothy D.

AU - Bonfanti, Andrea

AU - Bouma, L. G.

AU - Burt, Jennifer

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth

AU - Montet, Benjamin T.

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Wang, Songhu

AU - Winters, Jennifer G.

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Armstrong, James D.

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Batalha, Natalie

AU - Bean, Jacob L.

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Crossfield, Ian

AU - Fausnaugh, Michael

AU - Furesz, Gabor

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Guerrero, Natalia

AU - Horne, Keith

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Ireland, Michael

AU - Isopi, Giovanni

AU - Jehin, Emmanuël

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Lepine, Sebastien

AU - Mallia, Franco

AU - Matson, Rachel A.

AU - Myers, Gordon

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Relles, Howard M.

AU - Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara

AU - Schlieder, Joshua

AU - Sefako, Ramotholo

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Suárez, Juan C.

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Ting, Eric B.

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Waite, Ian A.

PY - 2019/1/1

Y1 - 2019/1/1

N2 - One of the primary goals of exoplanetary science is to detect small, temperate planets passing (transiting) in front of bright and quiet host stars. This enables the characterization of planetary sizes, orbits, bulk compositions, atmospheres and formation histories. These studies are facilitated by small and cool M dwarf host stars. Here we report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)1 discovery of three small planets transiting one of the nearest and brightest M dwarf hosts observed to date, TOI-270 (TIC 259377017, with K-magnitude 8.3, and 22.5 parsecs away from Earth). The M3V-type star is transited by the super-Earth-sized planet TOI-270 b (1.247−0.083+0.089R⊕) and the sub-Neptune-sized planets TOI-270 c (2.42 ± 0.13 R⊕) and TOI-270 d (2.13 ± 0.12 R⊕). The planets orbit close to a mean-motion resonant chain, with periods (3.36 days, 5.66 days and 11.38 days, respectively) near ratios of small integers (5:3 and 2:1). TOI-270 is a prime target for future studies because (1) its near-resonance allows the detection of transit timing variations, enabling precise mass measurements and dynamical studies; (2) its brightness enables independent radial-velocity mass measurements; (3) the outer planets are ideal for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy; and (4) the quietness of the star enables future searches for habitable zone planets. Altogether, very few systems with small, temperate exoplanets are as suitable for such complementary and detailed characterization as TOI-270.

AB - One of the primary goals of exoplanetary science is to detect small, temperate planets passing (transiting) in front of bright and quiet host stars. This enables the characterization of planetary sizes, orbits, bulk compositions, atmospheres and formation histories. These studies are facilitated by small and cool M dwarf host stars. Here we report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)1 discovery of three small planets transiting one of the nearest and brightest M dwarf hosts observed to date, TOI-270 (TIC 259377017, with K-magnitude 8.3, and 22.5 parsecs away from Earth). The M3V-type star is transited by the super-Earth-sized planet TOI-270 b (1.247−0.083+0.089R⊕) and the sub-Neptune-sized planets TOI-270 c (2.42 ± 0.13 R⊕) and TOI-270 d (2.13 ± 0.12 R⊕). The planets orbit close to a mean-motion resonant chain, with periods (3.36 days, 5.66 days and 11.38 days, respectively) near ratios of small integers (5:3 and 2:1). TOI-270 is a prime target for future studies because (1) its near-resonance allows the detection of transit timing variations, enabling precise mass measurements and dynamical studies; (2) its brightness enables independent radial-velocity mass measurements; (3) the outer planets are ideal for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy; and (4) the quietness of the star enables future searches for habitable zone planets. Altogether, very few systems with small, temperate exoplanets are as suitable for such complementary and detailed characterization as TOI-270.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5

DO - 10.1038/s41550-019-0845-5

M3 - Letter

AN - SCOPUS:85069920060

SN - 2397-3366

VL - 3

SP - 1099

EP - 1108

JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

IS - 12

ER -

A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270

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