TY - JOUR
T1 - A novel alendronate functionalized nanoprobe for simple colorimetric detection of cancer-associated hypercalcemia
AU - Sahu, Abhishek
AU - Hwang, Youngmin
AU - Vilos, Cristian
AU - Lim, Jong Min
AU - Kim, Sunghyun
AU - Choi, Won Il
AU - Tae, Giyoong
N1 - Funding Information:
Partial financial support was provided by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by MEST of Korea (2016R1A2B2008838). W. I. C. acknowledges the support from a grant of Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET). C. V. acknowledges the support from CONICYT under FONDECYT #1161438, and BASAL Grant FB0807, and H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 #734801 MAGNAMED. J. L. acknowledges the support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2017R1C1B5018050).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2018/7/28
Y1 - 2018/7/28
N2 - The calcium (Ca2+) ion concentration in the blood serum is tightly regulated, and any abnormalities in the level of serum calcium ions are associated with many potentially dangerous diseases. Thus, monitoring of the Ca2+ ion concentration in the blood serum is of fundamental importance. Gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based colorimetric biosensors have enormous potential in clinical diagnostic applications due to their simplicity, versatility, and unique optical properties. In this study, we have developed an alendronate functionalized gold nanoparticle (GNP-ALD) system for the measurement of Ca2+ ion concentration in biological samples. The GNP-ALD system showed higher sensitivity towards the Ca2+ ion compared to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The strong interaction between the Ca2+ ion and ALD at the GNP/solution interface resulted in significant aggregation of the ALD conjugated GNPs, and induced a color change of the solution from red to blue, which could be visually observed with the naked eye. The interaction between the Ca2+ ion and GNP-ALD was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the lower limit of Ca2+ ion detection using this method was found to be 25 μM and a linear response range from 25 μM to 300 μM Ca2+ ions was obtained with excellent discrimination against other metal ions. The GNP-ALD nanoprobe could successfully determine the ionized Ca2+ concentration in various serum samples and the results were validated using a commercial calcium assay kit. Moreover, as a practical application, we demonstrated the utility of this nanoprobe for the detection of cancer-associated hypercalcemia in a mouse model.
AB - The calcium (Ca2+) ion concentration in the blood serum is tightly regulated, and any abnormalities in the level of serum calcium ions are associated with many potentially dangerous diseases. Thus, monitoring of the Ca2+ ion concentration in the blood serum is of fundamental importance. Gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based colorimetric biosensors have enormous potential in clinical diagnostic applications due to their simplicity, versatility, and unique optical properties. In this study, we have developed an alendronate functionalized gold nanoparticle (GNP-ALD) system for the measurement of Ca2+ ion concentration in biological samples. The GNP-ALD system showed higher sensitivity towards the Ca2+ ion compared to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The strong interaction between the Ca2+ ion and ALD at the GNP/solution interface resulted in significant aggregation of the ALD conjugated GNPs, and induced a color change of the solution from red to blue, which could be visually observed with the naked eye. The interaction between the Ca2+ ion and GNP-ALD was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the lower limit of Ca2+ ion detection using this method was found to be 25 μM and a linear response range from 25 μM to 300 μM Ca2+ ions was obtained with excellent discrimination against other metal ions. The GNP-ALD nanoprobe could successfully determine the ionized Ca2+ concentration in various serum samples and the results were validated using a commercial calcium assay kit. Moreover, as a practical application, we demonstrated the utility of this nanoprobe for the detection of cancer-associated hypercalcemia in a mouse model.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050276415&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c8nr02570c
DO - 10.1039/c8nr02570c
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85050276415
SN - 2040-3364
VL - 10
SP - 13375
EP - 13383
JO - Nanoscale
JF - Nanoscale
IS - 28
ER -
